1. Donald Lutz, The Origins of American Constitutionalism (Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 1988), 136-149.
2. William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, http://www.laits.utexas.edu/poltheory/blackstone/ cle.int.s02.html.
3. The general ideas for this section came from The God Who is There by Francis Schaeffer and The Divine Challenge by John Byl.
4. Today, the term totalitarian could be used to describe an absolute monarchy. Totalitarian, however, is a modern term and so would not have been a named form of government in Bible times. A totalitarian state can possess a monarchy, but an absolute monarchy is not a totalitarian state by definition. Louis the XIV, the English Tudors of the past, and King Abdullah were all absolute rulers, but their states are not totalitarian.
5. For more information regarding the “Constitutional Scholars” as well as to provide an enlightening educational experience, read John Eidsmoe’s book Historical and Theological Foundations of Law: Reformation and Colonial.
6. John Locke, Second Treatise of Civil Government, https://constitution.org/2-Authors/jl/2ndtr00.htm.
7. “Paul Enlow,” Law Center for Religious Freedom, http://paulenlow.com/editorials_04262005.html.
8. David Barton, “The Ten Commandments: The Moral Law for Nations,” in The Founder’s Bible, ed. Brad Cummings (Newbury Park, California: Shiloh Road Publishers, LLC, 2012), 161-170 (paraphrase).
9. C. F. Bastiat, The Bastiat Collection, 2nd ed. (Auburn, Alabama: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2011), 961.
10. Lisa Fabrizio, “Imagine That,” The American Spectator, September 19, 2007, http://spectator.org.
11. This quotation has been attributed to William Penn, although not found in any of his writings.
12. Scriptures in this paragraph are quoted from the 1599 Geneva Bible. Phrases in brackets within the verses are from the Geneva Bible commentary/study notes.
13. For more information, see The Two Babylons by Alexander Hislop and Babylon Mystery Religion by Ralph Woodrow.
14. This is the perspective of John MacArthur, found in several of his Internet articles.
15. “The United States of America,” Teach Our History, http://www.teachourhistory.com.
16. John Adams, The Adams-Jefferson Letters: The Complete Correspondence Between Thomas Jefferson and Abigail and John Adams, ed. Lester J. Cappon (Chapel Hill, North Carolina: the University of North Carolina Press, 1988), 338-340.
17. “Quotes About Religion and Government,” Christian Apologetics and Research Ministry, https://carm.org/quotes-religion-government.
18. Charles A. Jennings, “No King But Jesus,” Truth in History, http://truthinhistory.org/no-king-but-jesus-2.html.
19. David Barton, “Civic ignorance on display,” One News Now, http://www.onenewsnow.com/perspectives/miscellaneous/ 2015/02/16/civic-ignorance-on-display#.VPj21Wd0xy0.
20. Walter E. Williams, “Democracy or Republic?” The Freeman, http://fee.org/freeman/detail/democracy-or-republic.
21. “The Bill of Rights – The First Ten Amendments to the Constitution,” The Charters of Freedom, http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/charters_of_ freedom_7.html.
22. “Quotations on the Jefferson Memorial,” The Jefferson Monticello, http://www.monticello.org/site/jefferson/quotations-jefferson-memorial.
23. “Founders’ Library,” Founding.com, http://www.founding.com/founders_library/pageID.2128/.
24. Deo Vindice – God Will Vindicate, https://sesquicentenary.wordpress.com/2012/09/20/i-can-only-say-that-there-is-not-a-man-living-who-wishes-more-sincerely-than-i-do-to-see-a-plan-adopted-for-the-abolition-of-slavery-we-should-not-look-back-unless-it-is-to-derive-useful-lessons/.
25. FoundersQuotes.com, http://foundersquotes.com/quotes/slavery-is-such-an-atrocious-debasement-of-human-nature/.
26. “What the Founders Said About Slavery,” http://www.foundingfatherquotes.com/quote/771.
27. “Quotes Database,” We Still Hold These Truths, http://westillholdthesetruths.org/quotes/author/john-adams.
28. “Madison Debates,” The Avalon Project, http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/debates_606.asp.
29. “Jefferson’s reference to the King’s ‘prostitut[ing] his negative’ refers to the English government’s repeated vetoes of attempts by colonial legislatures to restrict or halt the importation of slaves.” (Quotation from: Mintz, S., & McNeil, S. “Declaring Independence,” Digital History. Retrieved January, 10, 2015 from http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=112).
30. “Of the Natural Rights of Colonists,” Africans in America, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part2/2h18t.html.
31. For more information read David Barton’s online article: “The Founding Fathers and Slavery,” WallBuilders, July 2011, https://wallbuilders.com/founding-fathers-slavery/.
32. “Principle Four,” The American Ideal of 1776, http://www.lexrex.com/enlightened/AmericanIdeal/ yardstick/pr4_quotes.html.
33. Peter Marshall and David Manuel, The Light and the Glory (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Revell, 1977), 321-322.
34. “Samuel Adams,” The Glorious Cause for American Independence, http://www.theamericanrevolution.org/PeopleDetail.aspx?people=7.
35. Timothy and Chuck Baldwin, Romans 13: The True Meaning of Submission, 2nd ed. (Kalispell, Montana: Liberty Defense League, 2011), logical argument gathered from summation of the book’s ideas.
36. David Barton, “The American Revolution: Was it an Act of Biblical Rebellion?” Wallbuilders, http://www.wallbuilders.com/LIBissuesArticles.asp?id=24548.
37. J. D. Gowdy, “The Great Seal (1776),” The Washington, Jefferson, and Madison Institute, March 12, 2012, http://wjmi.blogspot.com.
38. David Barton, “The American Revolution: Was it an Act of Biblical Rebellion?” Wallbuilders, http://www.wallbuilders.com/LIBissuesArticles.asp?id=24548.
John Witherspoon, The Works of John Witherspoon (Edinburgh: J. Ogle, 1815), Vol. IX, p. 250, "The Druid," Number III.
39. “The Continental Congress; Lexington,” History of the USA, http://www.usahistory.info/American-Revolution/Lexington.html.
40. David Barton, “Rebellion or Rightful Overthrow?” in The Founder’s Bible, ed. Brad Cummings (Newbury Park, California: Shiloh Road Publishers, LLC, 2012), 1763-1770 (paraphrase).
41. Founding Father Quotes, http://www.foundingfatherquotes.com/quote/755.
42. “Respect Due to the Founders,” The American Ideal of 1776, https://www.lexrex.com/index.php/the-american-ideal-of-1776/american-ideal-part-3/respect-due-the-founders.
43. “Address Before the Attorney General’s Conference on Law Enforcement Problems,” Truman Library, http://trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/viewpapers.php?pid=657.
44. Founders’ Quotes, http://foundersquotes.com/quotes/in-questions-of-power-then-let-no-more-be-heard-of-confidence-in-man/.
45. While Federalist #10 speaks to the perspective that the writers of the Constitution were not set on creating a democracy, it surely is clear from their life actions and writings that they valued human responsibility and thus the need that “the people” have the ability to cast their own individual votes. While the Founding Fathers may not have written anything specifically stating that the US is a “democratic constitutional republic,” it is how our government has come to function—everyone gets a vote in choosing representatives. It should be mentioned that there is a great difference between a “democratic constitutional republic” and a “democratic republic.” A democratic republic is not usually (especially in present times) a democracy or a republic, but rather, a dictatorship.
46. The Federalist Papers Project, http://www.thefederalistpapers.org/founders/madison/james-madison-wherever-the-real-power-in-a-government-lies-there-is-the-danger-of-oppression.
47. http://taxteaparty.com/republic.
48. “Principle Four,” The American Ideal of 1776, http://www.lexrex.com/enlightened/AmericanIdeal/ yardstick/pr5.html.
49. Historic Words, http://historicwords.blogspot.com/2009/07/benjamin-franklin-on-compassion.html.
50. For more thoughts on the topic of the government providing for the poor, refer to David Barton’s excellent article in The Founder’s Bible titled: “How Are We to Help the Poor?” (337-340).
51. John Eidsmoe, Christianity and the Constitution: The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 1995), 389-404 (paraphrase).
52. “Assault on America,” American Heritage Research, http://americanheritageresearch.com/assault-on-america/.
53. “Chapter II: Proletarians and Communists,” Manifesto of the Communist Party, https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/ communist-manifesto/ch02.htm.
54. “Socialism,” Ayn Rand Lexicon, http://aynrandlexicon.com/lexicon/socialism.html.
55. Paragon Foundation, http://paragonfoundation.org/pf-resources.html.
56. “Religious Liberty: The American Experiment,” Bill of Rights Institute, http://billofrightsinstitute.org/religiousliberty/.
57. For a more detailed discussion, read Economic Depressions: Their Cause and Cure by Murray Rothbard.
58. David Draughon, Financial Armageddon: The Corruption of Our Currency, (Cedar Fort, 2007), 53.
59. http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/3225192/replies?c=9.
60. “It’s About the Money,” The Trashing of America, http://www.jeremiahproject.com/trashingamerica/money.html.
61. For a more detailed discussion, read Economics in One Lesson by Henry Hazlitt and That Which Is Seen, and That Which Is Not Seen by C. F. Bastiat.
62. Steve Rhode, “The History of Credit and Debt – Benjamin Franklin,” Get Out of Debt Guy, https://getoutofdebt.org/14414/the-history-of-credit-debt-benjamin-franklin.
63. http://understandingtheusdebt.com.
64. “‘Spread the Wealth’?,” ABCNews.com, http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2008/10/spread-the-weal/.
65. https://www.politico.com/blogs/ben-smith/2010/05/clinton-the-rich-are-not-paying-their-fair-share-027279.
66. “Spurious Quotations,” The Jefferson Monticello, http://www.monticello.org/site/jefferson/democracy-will-cease-to-exist-quotation.
67. George H. Smith, “A Misunderstanding, the Townshend Act, and More Trouble in the American Colonies,” Libertarianism.org, http://www.libertarianism.org/publications/essays/excursions/ misunderstanding-townshend-act-more-trouble-american-colonies.
68. “Principle Eleven,” The American Ideal of 1776, http://www.lexrex.com/enlightened/AmericanIdeal/ yardstick/pr11_quotes.html.
69. C. F. Bastiat, The Bastiat Collection, 2nd ed. (Auburn, Alabama: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2011), 66-67.
70. http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/318895-the-control-of-the-production-of-wealth-is-the-control.
71. C. F. Bastiat, The Bastiat Collection, 2nd ed. (Auburn, Alabama: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2011), 48.
72. Founders’ Quotes, http://foundersquotes.com/quotes/observe-good-faith-and-justice-towards-all-nations-cultivate-peace-and-harmony-with-all/.
73. Liz Halloran, “Q&A Presidential Candidate Ron Paul,” U.S. News and World Report, November 9, 2007, http://www.usnews.com.
74. C. F. Bastiat, The Bastiat Collection, 2nd ed. (Auburn, Alabama: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2011), 311-312.
75. Quotation used by permission of Sgt. Jared Brownlow.
76. “Charles Spurgeon: On War and Christians,”https://spurgeonwarquotes.wordpress.com/.
77. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/19/world/obama-has-plans-to-cut-us-nuclear-arsenal-if-russia-reciprocates.html?_r=0.
78. http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2013/10/14/us-army-defines-christian-ministry-as-domestic-hate-group/.
79. http://aclj.org/aclj/washington-times---military-chaplains-told-to-shy-from-jesus.
80. John Chalfant, America–A Call to Greatness (Winter Park, Florida: America--A Call to Greatness, Inc., 2003), 136.
81. Ibid., 141
82. “The Plain Truth,” Revolutionary War and Beyond, http://www.revolutionary-war-and-beyond.com/plain-truth-by-benjamin-franklin-november-17-1747.html.
83. Ludwig von Mises, Liberalism, 3rd ed. (Auburn, Alabama: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2002), 54.
84. Blackstone’s quotation does not support the claim that life begins at conception, but it does support the perspective that life begins at “quickening”—the moment when the fetus “stirs” within the womb, which is a time early to mid-pregnancy. This shows his understanding that the unborn baby was a living being early on in the pregnancy and that to end its life would be tantamount to murder. The common law protected the fetus after quickening, but sadly, not before, thus not staying consistent with the pure Biblical standard. Blackstone is articulating a pre-modern medicine standard that would begin to be abandoned as Western doctors learned more about fetal life in the 19th century.
85. Ron Paul, A Foreign Policy of Freedom (New York: Rosetta Books LLC, 2010), 364.
86. “Great Gates of Hell,” Pilgrims Covenant Church, http://www.pccmonroe.org/Updates/2006.01.16.htm.
87. Grigsby v Reib, 153 S.W. 1124, 1129-30 (TxSupCt 1913)